![]() ![]() In this cat, the elevation in ALT is mild, but the highly elevated ALP suggests cholestatic disease. In fact, there is no evidence of cholestasis. The pattern is more hepatocellular injury than cholestatic. This pattern is typical of cholangiohepatitis, but could occur with FIP as well. FNA results are inconsistent at best, and don't always correlate well with histopathology.īelow are some liver profiles from icteric cats.Ultrasound can suggest (not confirm) lipidosis, neoplasia, cholestasis, pancreatitis.O T4 – hyperthyroidism alone would be unlikely to cause icterus O Coagulation profile –Necessary because coagulation factors are made in the liver. Severe liver disease can cause isosthenuria.Bile acids are probably not necessary because increased bilirubin indicated decreased hepatic function if pre- and post-hepatic causes have been investigated.GGT – Also a cholestatic enzyme.is sometimes (often) not elevated in hepatic lipidosis.ALP – A cholestatic enzyme.even mild elevations are important in cats because of the short half-life.ALT – A hepatocellular enzyme.elevation is associated with hepatocellular injury.Globulin – Can be elevated with chronic inflammation, and is typically elevated in cats with FIP.Albumin – manufactured in the liver.is low in severe hepatic failure, and would be normal with hemolytic disease.Cholesterol – Liver disease can cause reduced excretion of cholesterol in the bile and can.Glucose-gluconeogenesis is an important function of the liver, and hypoglycemia can accompany severe liver failure.BUN is made in the liver, and low BUN can reflect hepatic failure.Milder non-regenerative anemia in chronic disease.Regenerative, Heinz bodies, mycoplasma, RBC fragments, spherocytes. ![]() Fundic examination to look for evidence of vasculitis associated with FIP.Microhepatica is less common, but could be the result of chronic inflammation and cirrhosis (uncommon in cats).anorexia, medications, concurrent illness.O Bilirubinuria is always significant because there is no renal conjugation of bilirubin in cats, and the renal threshold for bilirubin is higher than that of dogs.Ĭlinically, we divide causes of jaundice into three large categories – pre-hepatic, hepatic, and post-hepatic O Taurine is necessary for bile acid conjugation – deficiency results in cholestasis O Anorexic cats develop deficiency in protein uptake carriers and intracellular protein ligands for bilirubine O Cats are deficient in glucuronyl transferase necessary for bilirubin conjugation Carrier proteins transport bilirubin into the liver, where it is conjugated and excreted in the bile. O Bilirubin is a heme breakdown product, produced mostly in the spleen. This occurs when:īilirubin > 2 mg/dl (Normal 0.0–0.3mg/dl) Icterus occurs when bilirubin accumulates in the plasma and tissues to the extent that it causes visible yellow discoloration of the sclera, mucous membranes, and skin. ![]()
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